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BBC英语学习:Except, except for, apart from, besides 四种表示“除了”的说法

了解“except, except for, apart from, besides”四种表示“除了”的说法,需明确它们的含义与用法。

“except”与“except for”都表示“除去...之外”的意思,但“except for”仅能接名词或名词短语,而“except”则能接从句、介词短语等。

例句:“You are allowed to smoke everywhere except in the lobby.”(你可以在除大堂以外的任何地方抽烟。)

“The dish you cooked was great except that it could use more salt.”(你做的这道菜很好吃,就是味道可以稍微再咸一点。)

“My manager loves my report except for the few mistakes I made.”(除了几个错误以外,我的经理觉得我的这份报告很好。)

“The parrot is totally green except for its yellow wings.”(这只鹦鹉除了翅膀是黄色的以外其它地方都是绿色的。)

注意,“except”在句子中后接名词和名词短语时,仅当句子包含“all、any、every、nobody、nothing”等词语时适用,且“except for”可置于句首而“except”不行。

例句:“I hate all types of desserts except apple crumble.”(我讨厌所有甜食,烤苹果酥除外。)

“Nobody I know loves fishing except him.”(我认识的人里面除了他以外没有一个爱钓鱼的。)

“Except for the service, I enjoy everything about this restaurant.”(除了服务以外,我觉得这家餐厅还不错。)

当句子谓语是“do”的任何形式时,“except”的后面接动词原形,其含义与“but”相似。

例句:“The boy didn't do anything except cry last night.”(这个男孩昨晚除了哭以外什么也没做。)

“apart from”表示“除了...以外”,还可以表示“除了...以外还有”。例如:“Apart from this dress, I bought a hat and a pair of shoes.”(除了这件连衣裙以外,我还买了一顶帽子和一双鞋。)

“Sally is a nice person apart from being a bit short-tempered.”(莎莉除了有点爱发脾气,人还不错。)

“besides”则表示“除了...之外还有”,例如:“Besides London, I’ve been to Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow.”(除了伦敦以外,我还去过曼彻斯特、纽卡斯尔和格拉斯哥。)

“We don’t have time to watch another episode tonight. Besides, I’ve got a lecture to attend tomorrow morning.”(我们今晚没时间再看一集了。况且我明天早上还要去听课。)

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