英语代词the one与it的区别

代词one, it that的用法在历届高考题中出现的频率较高,是高考的热点之一.笔者结合自己的教学实践在此谈谈它们的一些具体用法,希望能对同学们有一定的帮助.

1.one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词.例如：

①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.

②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.

③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.

2.one可指人或物,只替代单数可数名词,复数用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修饰语,如the, this, that…修饰就变成了特指.如：

①One must do one's duty. ②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.

③The new designs are much better than the old ones.

3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词,具有“特指”性质.指的是同类事物中的另一样东西,即同类异物.如：The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一个图书馆.)

4．One 和that 在代替可数名词时,如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时, the one 和that可互换.但该名词如有前置定语,则只能用the one,而不能用that.例如：

①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边.

②I prefer the large box to the *** all one.(one 不可用that替换 ).

5．That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数.可指人或物,一般后面跟修饰语.如：

①Today's cellphones are *** aller than those(=the ones)used in the past.

②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.

6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时,其关系代词which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略.如：

①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.

7.代替不可数名词时,应该用that.如：The equipment is different from that.

8..it代替上文所提到的名词时,是指同类事物中的同一样东西,即同类事物.如：

I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.

9.it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思,而one却不能；that可引导一个限定性定语从句,代替某个先行词（单复数名词均可）,it和one则不能；it可代替不定式、动名词或从句,用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句型中,而one和that则不能.如：

①-I will make bed for you. –It is very kind of you.

②Jim said he had read my novel.But that was not possible.

③A clock is an instrument that tells time.

④The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher.

⑤It is nice to see you again.

⑥It is no use calling her up.

⑦I found it impossible for me to pass the test.

⑧It was I who broke your window.